Explanation

Industrial effluents can contain toxic organic compounds and heavy metals like Hg (mercury), Pb (lead), and Cl (chlorine compounds).

These pollutants are harmful to aquatic life and human health.

Explanation

Urea (CO(NH₂)₂) is the most concentrated solid nitrogen fertilizer.

It contains about 46% nitrogen, higher than ammonium salts or nitrates.

Explanation

Polymers can have different structures:

• Linear: long chains (e.g., HDPE)
• Branched: chains with side branches (e.g., LDPE)
• Cross-linked: interconnected chains (e.g., Bakelite)

Explanation

Acetamides (or amides in general) are formed when a carboxylic acid reacts with ammonia (NH₃).

The reaction replaces –OH of the acid with –NH₂, forming R–CONH₂.

Explanation

Explanation

Ether (R–O–R') has oxygen but lacks –OH groups, so it forms very weak or minimal hydrogen bonds.

Water, alcohol, and phenol can form strong hydrogen bonds due to –OH groups.

Explanation

Thionyl chloride has the chemical formula SOCl₂.

It is commonly used to convert alcohols and carboxylic acids into alkyl and acyl chlorides.

Explanation

Alkynes (C≡C) have a higher carbon-to-hydrogen ratio than alkanes or alkenes.

Triple bonds reduce the number of hydrogen atoms relative to carbon.

Explanation

Explanation

Most organic compounds (like hydrocarbons) are soluble in non-polar solvents such as benzene, hexane, or ether.

They are generally insoluble in polar solvents like water.