Explanation

Zn, Cd, and Hg are d-block elements and also considered transition metals by some classifications.

They have partially filled d-orbitals in their atomic or ionic forms.

Explanation

Halogens are highly reactive, but noble gases (He, Ne, Ar, etc.) are chemically inert due to their stable electron configuration.

They generally do not form compounds under normal conditions.

Explanation

The ring test (using silver nitrate in nitric acid) confirms the presence of chloride ions (Cl⁻).

A white precipitate of silver chloride forms at the junction of two liquids.

Explanation

When NaCl dissolves in water, the Na⁺ ions become surrounded by water molecules.

This process is called hydration, which stabilizes the ions in solution.

Explanation

NaBH₄ (sodium borohydride) and LiAlH₄ (lithium aluminium hydride) are complex hydrides.

They act as reducing agents.

It contain metal cations and complex hydride anions.

Explanation

Chemical kinetics studies the speed (rate) of chemical reactions and factors affecting it.

It helps in understanding reaction mechanisms and designing chemical processes.

Explanation

The ionization constant of an acid is represented by Ka.

It measures the strength of an acid, i.e., the extent to which it ionizes in water.

Explanation

A bomb calorimeter is used to measure the heat released during combustion of a substance.

It ensures complete combustion in a controlled, high-pressure environment.

Explanation

MgO (magnesium oxide) is formed by transfer of electrons from magnesium (Mg²⁺) to oxygen (O²⁻).

This creates a strong ionic bond between the ions.

Explanation

Melting point is a property of solids, not liquids.

Liquids are characterized by diffusion, osmotic pressure, and freezing point.