Explanation

All gases will start effusing at the same time, but the rate of effusion depends on their molar mass (Graham’s Law).  

Lighter gases like H₂ effuse faster than heavier ones like Cl₂.

Explanation

When atomic orbitals (like s and p) mix to form hybrid orbitals (e.g., sp³, sp², sp),

The resulting orbitals have the same energy — they are degenerate.

This uniform energy level allows for equal bond strength and geometry, such as in methane (CH₄) with four sp³ orbitals.

Explanation

Glucose molecules contain multiple hydroxyl groups (-OH) which can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules, allowing them to readily dissolve in water. 

Explanation

 The continuity equation in fluid dynamics states that the product of cross-sectional area and velocity remains constant for incompressible fluids.

So, in deeper (wider) parts of a river or pipe, the velocity of water is lower — hence the phrase:

"Deep water runs still."

Explanation

In the number 8.70 × 10⁻¹²:

All non-zero digits and zeros between or after non-zero digits (if decimal is present) are significant.

So, 8, 7, and the 0 after 7 are all significant.

Therefore, the number has 3 significant figures.

Explanation

Explanation

 The limiting reactant (or limiting reagent) is the reactant that controls the amount of product formed in a chemical reaction

Because it is the substance that is completely consumed first, thereby limiting the extent of the reaction. 

Explanation

Water (H₂O) forms strong and extensive hydrogen bonds 

Due to its two hydrogen atoms and two lone pairs on oxygen.

Though HF forms strong individual bonds,

H₂O forms a dense hydrogen bonding network, making its bonding stronger overall.

Explanation

In paper chromatography, the stationary phase is the paper, which is made of cellulose fibers.

It holds the sample in place while the mobile phase (solvent) moves through it.

Explanation

White phosphorus is highly toxic and reactive.

It can ignite spontaneously in air and is harmful to the liver and kidneys.

It’s the most dangerous form of phosphorus.