Explanation

Cinnabar is the most common ore of mercury, and its chemical formula is HgS (mercury sulfide).

It has a bright red color and is used to extract mercury.

Explanation

Dolomite is a carbonate mineral composed of CaMg(CO₃)₂.

It contains both calcium and magnesium carbonates, making it a double carbonate salt.

Explanation

Sonorous materials produce a ringing sound when struck.

Metals are sonorous due to their ability to vibrate and transmit sound.

Explanation

Reforming is the process used to separate hydrogen from hydrocarbons (like methane or naphtha) by applying heat in the presence of a catalyst.

This is typically called steam methane reforming (SMR).

Explanation

pH = –log [H⁺]

It measures the acidity or alkalinity of a solution based on the hydrogen ion concentration.

The pH scale ranges from 1 to 14, with:

• 1-6 being acidic
• 7 being neutral (neither acidic nor basic)
• 8-14 being basic (alkaline)

Explanation

In a step-up transformer, the quantity that remains constant is power. 

Power conservation:

In an ideal transformer, the power input to the primary coil is equal to the power output from the secondary coil, meaning power is conserved. 

Voltage and current change:

While power stays constant, the voltage increases in a step-up transformer, which results in a corresponding decrease in current to maintain the same power output. 

Explanation

Ferromagnetic materials are those that can retain their magnetization even after an external magnetic field is removed.

They are strongly attracted to magnets. Iron, nickel, and cobalt are all ferromagnetic materials.

Barium, on the other hand, is not ferromagnetic

It is classified as a diamagnetic material, meaning it weakly repels magnetic fields. 

Explanation

According to Einstein, increasing the brightness of a beam of light without changing its color will increase the number of photons. 

Einstein's theory of light posits that light consists of discrete particles called photons.

Brightness is related to the number of photons present in a given area over a specific time.

When you increase the brightness of a light beam, you are essentially adding more photons to that beam,

While keeping the energy of each photon the same (which is related to its frequency and color).

Explanation

The mass of a nucleus is always less than the sum of the masses of its constituent nucleons.

This difference in mass is known as the "mass defect".

When nucleons come together to form a nucleus, they release energy in the form of binding energy.

According to Einstein's famous equation E=mc², this energy released corresponds to a decrease in mass. 

Explanation

A photon is a boson, which is a particle with an integer spin that transmits electromagnetic force. 

Proton: Protons are fermions, which have a half-integer spin. 

Neutrino: Neutrinos are also fermions. 

Pion: While considered a meson, pions are composite particles made of quarks and antiquarks and are classified as bosons.