Explanation

Affinity for oxygen refers to how readily an element or compound combines with oxygen.

Magnesium (Mg) is a highly reactive alkaline earth metal that readily loses its two electrons to form a positive Mg2+ ion.

This ion then readily combines with oxygen to form magnesium oxide (MgO), demonstrating a strong affinity for oxygen. 

Explanation

 Ferromagnetic materials are those that can retain a permanent magnetization even after an external magnetic field is removed.

This property is due to the aligned magnetic domains within the material.

Iron (Fe), Cobalt (Co), and Nickel (Ni) are all ferromagnetic.

Antimony (Sb), on the other hand, is not ferromagnetic; it is classified as diamagnetic, meaning it repels a magnetic field. 

Explanation

Potassium dichromate acts as a strong oxidizing agent. 

Potassium dichromate is a powerful oxidizing agent, meaning it readily accepts electrons from other substances, causing them to be oxidized.

This characteristic is widely utilized in various chemical reactions and industrial processes where it's employed to oxidize other substances, particularly in acidic media

Explanation

The first organic compound prepared in the laboratory was Urea. 

German chemist Friedrich Wöhler synthesized urea from ammonium cyanate in 1828,

Marking a significant milestone in organic chemistry. 

Explanation

Coal can be converted to petroleum through the Fischer-Tropsch process. 

The Fischer-Tropsch process is a series of chemical reactions

That converts carbon monoxide and hydrogen (syngas) into liquid hydrocarbons, which can be used as a substitute for petroleum. 

Explanation

The Fischer-Tropsch synthesis involves the combination of CO and H₂ to form alkanes. 

CO (carbon monoxide) and H₂ (hydrogen): are collectively known as "syngas".

The Fischer-Tropsch process uses a catalyst to convert this syngas into liquid hydrocarbons, primarily alkanes. 

Explanation

Graphite is a crystalline form of the element carbon.

It consists of stacked layers of graphene.

Graphite occurs naturally and is the most stable form of carbon under standard conditions.

Explanation

Tetrahedral geometry: This means the central carbon atom is surrounded by four atoms (three hydrogen atoms and one chlorine atom) arranged in a three-dimensional pyramid shape. 

Explanation

 There are two isomers possible for the molecular formula C₂H₆O: ethanol (also known as ethyl alcohol) and dimethyl ether.

These two molecules have the same number of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms

However, their atoms are arranged differently, resulting in distinct properties

Explanation

 A vicinal diol (or vic-diol) has two hydroxyl groups (OH) attached to adjacent carbon atoms.

Trimethylene glycol has the chemical formula HOCH2CH2CH2OH,

Where the two OH groups are on neighboring carbons, making it a vic-diol.