Explanation

In t-butyl alcohol, the tertiary carbon is bonded to no hydrogen atoms. 

A tertiary carbon is bonded to three other carbon atoms.

In t-butyl alcohol, the carbon with the OH group (the tertiary carbon

It is surrounded by three methyl groups, leaving no space for any hydrogen atoms to be attached directly to it. 

Explanation

All of these compounds are alcohols, but the shorter the carbon chain, the more soluble they are in water.

Ethanol (C2H5OH) has the shortest carbon chain among the options, making it the most capable of forming hydrogen bonds with water molecules, thus leading to higher solubility. 

Explanation

Reactivity in organic compounds is largely determined by the presence of multiple bonds.

Ethyne has a triple bond, which is the most reactive bond due to the greater electron density and availability for participation in reactions.

Explanation

sp hybridization: When one s orbital and one p orbital mix, they form two sp hybrid orbitals.

These hybrid orbitals are oriented linearly (180 degrees apart) from each other.

This linear geometry is characteristic of molecules with only two electron groups around a central atom.

Examples include acetylene (C2H2) and carbon monoxide (CO). 

Explanation

 In aromatic sulfonation, sulfur trioxide (SO3) is the actual attacking species, reacting with the aromatic ring to form a sulfonic acid. 

Explanation

The ion that is not a molecular ion is b) NH4+. 

A molecular ion is formed when a molecule gains or loses an electron, but NH4+ (ammonium ion)

It is not formed by removing an electron from a neutral molecule; it is formed by adding a proton (H+) to ammonia (NH3).

He+ (helium ion) is also not a molecular ion because it consists of only one atom.

Helium is a noble gas and does not readily form covalent bonds with other atoms to create a molecule. 

Explanation

 Leaving group ability:

A good leaving group is a species that can easily depart from a molecule taking a pair of electrons with it. 

Halide trend:

Among halogens (I, Br, Cl, F), iodide (I-) is the best-leaving group because it is the weakest base, meaning it is most stable with a negative charge. 

Explanation

One mole of any compound contains 6.02x10^23 molecules of that compound. 

In one molecule of SO2, there is one sulfur atom and two oxygen atoms. 

Therefore, one mole of SO2 contains 6.02x10^23 sulfur atoms. 

Explanation

The rate of E1 reactions depend only on the concentration of the substrate. 

Explanation

When the 6d orbital is completely filled, the next electron enters the 7p orbital.

This is based on the Aufbau principle, which dictates that electrons first occupy the lowest energy levels available.

After the 6d orbitals (which can hold up to 10 electrons) are filled, 

The 7p orbitals (which can hold up to 6 electrons) become the next lowest energy