Explanation

Simplest alcohol, chemical formula: CH₃OH  

- Also known as wood alcohol

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2. Production Method:  

- Reduction of Formaldehyde (HCHO)  

  - HCHO + H₂ → CH₃OH  

  - Involves adding hydrogen to convert the aldehyde group to an alcohol group

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3. Industrial Production:  

- Produced from syngas (CO + H₂) using catalysts  

- CO + 2H₂ → CH₃OH

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4. Uses of Methanol:  

- As a fuel or fuel additive  

- In making formaldehyde, plastics, paints, and solvents  

- Used in laboratories and chemical synthesis

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5. Properties:  

- Colorless, volatile, toxic liquid  

- Burns with a blue flame

Explanation

• The statement "A chemical compound always contains the same elements combined together in the same proportion or ratio" is a statement of the Law of Constant Composition.
• It is also known as the Law of Definite Proportions.
• This law was first discovered by Joseph Proust in 1797.

Explanation

Isotopes are atoms of the same element (same number of protons/nuclear charge) but different masses (different number of neutrons).

Explanation

• An element is a substance that consists of only one type of atom and cannot be further split up into simpler substances by chemical reactions.
• Examples: hydrogen (H), carbon (C), oxygen (O), and iron (Fe).

Explanation

Unsaturated Solution: A solution that can dissolve more solute at a given temperature.

Saturated Solution: A solution that contains the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve at a specific temperature.

Explanation

The fluid in your lead-acid battery is called Electrolyte.

It's actually a mixture of sulphuric acid and water.

Explanation

Burning magnesium reacts with N₂ to form magnesium nitride (Mg₃N₂).

It also burns in CO₂, breaking it down to MgO and C.

Explanation

A lead-acid battery consists of a negative electrode made of spongy or porous lead.

The lead is porous to facilitate the formation and dissolution of lead.

Explanation

The material used for bleaching paper pulp is sodium hypochlorite.

It acts as an effective bleaching agent.

It helping to remove color and impurities from the pulp.

Explanation

Electrophilicity increases when the carbonyl carbon is less hindered and has fewer electron-donating groups.

HCHO has only hydrogen atoms attached, so its carbonyl carbon is most exposed and most electrophilic.