Explanation

• An Operating System (OS) is system software.
• It manages computer hardware and provides a platform for running application software.
• It acts as an interface between the user and computer hardware.

Functions of an Operating System:

• Allocates resources
• Monitors activities
• Manages disks and files

Last verified on 02-07-2026

Explanation

• Transistors were the core technology used in second-generation computers.
• The University of Manchester's experimental Transistor Computer was first operational in November 1953

Additional information:

The five generations of computers:

1. First Generation (1946-1959 or 1940-1956): Vacuum tube-based technology (e.g., ENIAC).
2. Second Generation (1959-1965 or 1956-1963): Transistor-based technology.
3. Third Generation (1965-1971 or 1964-1971): Integrated circuit-based technology.
4. Fourth Generation (1972-1980): VLSI microprocessor-based technology.
5. Fifth Generation (1980-present): ULSI microprocessor-based technology, with a focus on artificial intelligence.

Explanation

• Cache Memory is the fastest memory.
• It is typically located inside or very close to the CPU.

Additional information:

• L1 Cache: Usually the fastest and smallest CPU cache.
• L2 Cache: Larger than L1 but generally slower.
• L3 Cache: Larger and usually shared among CPU cores.

Last verified on 09-08-2026

Explanation

• ROM (Read Only Memory) is a non-volatile storage device.
• It stores data permanently even without power.

Additional information:

• RAM (Random Access Memory) is a volatile storage device.
• It loses data when power is off.

Last verified on 17-06-2026

Explanation

• Charles Babbage is known as the Father of the Computer.
• He designed the more advanced Analytical Engine, which featured a "Mill" (CPU) and a "Store" (memory).

Additional information:

• He was an English polymath.
• Born: 26 December 1791 London, England
• Died: 18 October 1871 (aged 79) London, England

Last updated by NA on 06-11-2026

Explanation

Explanation

• DOCX is the newer version of DOC, the original official Microsoft Word file format. 
• Microsoft Word 97 - 2003 Document extension (.doc).
• Microsoft Word 2007 to till date Document extension (.docx).

Additional information:

• .xls extension of Excel.
• .ppt extension of PowerPoint.
• .txt extension of Text files.
• .pdf extension of Portable Document Format.

Last verified on 15-02-2026

Explanation

• Shareware is commercial and copyrighted software.
• It is often provided for a limited trial period.
• Some shareware versions have restricted features until purchase.
• Users can try the software before buying the full version.

Last verified on 29-09-2026

Explanation

HTTP stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol.

It uses port 80 by default for non-secure web communication.

For secure HTTP (HTTPS), the default port is 443.

Last updated by NA on 15-02-2026

Explanation

• RAM (Random Access Memory) is used for both read and write operations.
• RAM is a volatile memory, meaning data is lost when the power is turned off.
• It temporarily stores data and instructions needed by the CPU during processing.

Additional information:

• ROM is mainly used for read-only operations and stores permanent instructions.
• PROM can be programmed once.

Last verified on 07-08-2026