Explanation

• Conquest of Sindh: 712 AD
• Battle: Aror (near Rohri)
• Opponent: Raja Dahir (killed in battle)
• He attacked Sindh on orders of the Umayyad Caliph through Hajjaj bin Yusuf.
• Death: 18 July 715 AD

Major cities captured:

• Nirun
• Debal (Sikka fortress)
• Brahmanabad
• Alor (Aror)
• Multan

Last verified on 01-04-2026

Explanation

• The Indian National Congress (INC) was formed on 28 December 1885 in Bombay (now Mumbai), British India.
• The first session was held at Gokuldas Tejpal Sanskrit College.
• Headquarters: New Delhi, India
• Founder: Allan Octavian Hume (with support from Indian leaders)
• First President: Womesh Chunder Bonnerjee
• Purpose: To represent Indian political interests and later lead the Indian independence movement.

Last verified on 11-07-2026

Explanation

• Date: 24 June 1945
• Presided by: Lord Wavell
• Place: Viceregal Lodge, Simla
• Main parties: Congress & All India Muslim League
• Purpose: Formation of Executive Council and constitutional settlement

Last verified on 14-05-2026

Explanation

• The 2013 General Elections were held on 11 May 2013.
• The Pakistan Muslim League (N) won the largest number of seats in the National Assembly.
• Nawaz Sharif became Prime Minister and formed the federal government.
• The Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) emerged as the third-largest party in the National Assembly.

Last verified on 08-09-2026

Explanation

• The Indian Councils Act 1909, also called the Morley-Minto Reforms, introduced separate electorates for Muslims.

Additional information:

• Date of introduction: 12 March 1909
• Total members in Central Legislative Council: 60
• Muslim reserved seats: 5
• 27 members were to be elected from different constituencies.
• Nehru Report (28 August 1928) rejected the demand for separate electorate.

Last verified on 01-04-2026

Explanation

• The Indian Councils Act, 1892 is regarded as laying the seeds of Indian participation in the legislative process.
• It introduced the first element of indirect election and increased Indian representation in legislative councils.
• Local bodies such as municipalities and district boards could recommend members.
• Indian members were also allowed to discuss the budget and ask questions.

Last verified on 08-09-2026

Explanation

• Main Demand: Separate electorates for Muslims
• Place: Simla (Shimla)
• Date: 1 October 1906
• Leader: Sir Aga Khan III
• Met: Lord Minto
• The Simla Deputation consisted of 35 members.

Last verified on 08-08-2026

Explanation

• The Mansabdari system was introduced by Emperor Akbar as an administrative and military system.
• Branding of horses (Dagh) was an important feature to prevent fraud and maintain military standards.

Last verified on 08-09-2026

Explanation

• The seals discovered at Mohenjo-daro show similarities with seals found in ancient Sumeria (Mesopotamia).
• These similarities provide evidence of trade and cultural contacts between the Indus Valley Civilization and Mesopotamia.
• Indus seals commonly contain animal figures and inscriptions.
• Such archaeological evidence helps establish connections between the two ancient civilizations.

Last verified on 08-09-2026

Explanation

• The Non-Cooperation Movement (1920–1922) was launched under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi.
• It was closely linked with the Khilafat Movement and brought Hindus and Muslims together in a common political struggle.
• This Hindu-Muslim unity was one of the major achievements of the movement.
• The movement was withdrawn in 1922 after the Chauri Chaura incident.

Last verified on 08-09-2026