Explanation

• In forensic science, Chromatography is commonly used for identifying poisons, drugs, and other chemicals.
• It is a laboratory technique used to separate, identify, and analyze different substances in a mixture.
• It can help detect toxic substances in blood, urine, and other biological samples.

Last verified on 09-08-2026

Explanation

• Ophthalmology is the study and medical specialty concerned with the eyes and vision.
• It deals with the structure, function, diseases, and treatment of the eyes.
• A doctor specializing in this field is called an ophthalmologist.
• Common eye conditions include cataracts, glaucoma, and refractive errors.

Last verified on 08-08-2026

Explanation

• A pH meter is an electronic instrument used to measure the acidity or alkalinity of a liquid solution by determining hydrogen-ion activity.
• Glass electrode: Senses hydrogen ions in the liquid.
• Reference electrode: Provides a stable electrical voltage.
• Meter display: Converts the voltage difference into a clear pH number

Explanation

• Gravimetric analysis is a quantitative analytical method.
• It determines the amount of an analyte by measuring its mass.
• The measured mass is used to calculate the amount of the original substance.

Explanation

Filtration separates solid particles from a liquid or gas based on particle size.

• A porous material (filter) allows fluid and small particles through
• The liquid that passes through is called the filtrate
• The solid left behind on the filter is called the residue
• It works only when the solid particles are larger than the filter's pores

Examples:

• Coffee filter separating grounds from liquid coffee

Explanation

• Based on differences in boiling points
• Lower-boiling-point liquid vaporizes first
• Vapor is collected and condensed back into a liquid
• Higher-boiling-point liquids remain behind
• Used to separate and purify liquid mixtures (e.g., water and ethanol)

Explanation

Dinosaurs are part of the reptile group, specifically a diverse group of reptiles that appeared during the Mesozoic Era.

They were the dominant terrestrial vertebrates for over 160 million years.

Explanation

Geologists are scientists who study a planet's solid features, like soil, rocks, and minerals.

Explanation

China has successfully landed a robot on the surface of Mars on 15 May 2021.

China has become the third country after Russia and the United States of America in history

The rover 'Zhurong' will spend around 90 Martian days on the planet.

A Martian day is around 24 hours and 39 minutes.

This rover is named after the mythical Chinese god of fire.

Explanation

Isaac Newton formulated the law of universal gravitation, explaining how gravity works.

He famously described gravity after observing an apple fall from a tree.