Explanation

• Enzyme inhibition is commonly classified into two main types: reversible and irreversible inhibition.
• Reversible inhibition occurs when an inhibitor binds temporarily to an enzyme.
• Its common forms include competitive, non-competitive, and uncompetitive inhibition.
• Irreversible inhibition occurs when an inhibitor permanently inactivates an enzyme, often by forming a strong chemical bond.

Last verified on 28-10-2026

Explanation

• Microfilaments are thin, solid protein fibres found in the cytoskeleton of eukaryotic cells.
• They are approximately 7 nm in diameter.
• They are mainly composed of the protein actin.
• Microfilaments help maintain cell shape, support cell movement, and participate in muscle contraction and cell division.

Last verified on 28-10-2026

Explanation

• Viruses are not included because they are acellular.
• It means they lack a cellular structure.
• It can reproduce only inside living host cells.

Additional information:

• The five-kingdom classification was proposed by Robert H. Whittaker in 1969.
• The five kingdoms are Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.

Last verified on 28-10-2026

Explanation

• Freshwater is water that contains a very low amount of salt, typically less than 1% salinity.
• Examples of freshwater sources include rivers, lakes, streams, and underground aquifers.

Last verified on 28-10-2026

Explanation

• Water (H₂O) is a polar solvent due to its asymmetrical molecular structure.
• It results in a slightly positive charge on the hydrogen atoms.
• A slightly negative charge on the oxygen atom.

Last verified on 28-10-2026

Explanation

• Peptide hormones consist of short chains of amino acids linked by peptide bonds.
• Examples include oxytocin and vasopressin.
• They each containing 9 amino acids, and TRH (thyrotropin-releasing hormone), which contains 3 amino acids.

Last verified on 28-10-2026

Explanation

• Myopia (short-sightedness) is a vision defect in which distant objects appear blurry, while nearby objects are usually seen clearly.
• In myopia, light focuses in front of the retina instead of directly on it.
• Myopia is corrected using concave (diverging) lenses.

Additional information:

• Hyperopia (long-sightedness) mainly causes difficulty seeing nearby objects clearly.

Last verified on 28-10-2026

Explanation

• The active site is the specific region of an enzyme where the substrate binds and the chemical reaction takes place.
• Its shape and chemical properties help the enzyme recognize the correct substrate.
• The active site may contain charged amino acids that help bind the substrate and catalyze the reaction.

Additional information:

• A holoenzyme is a complete, active enzyme consisting of a protein part and its required cofactor.
• A coenzyme is an organic helper molecule that assists an enzyme in its function.

Last verified on 28-10-2026

Explanation

• Walter Bradford Cannon introduced the term homeostasis in 1926.
• He developed the concept based on the earlier work of French physiologist Claude Bernard.
• Homeostasis is the ability of the body to maintain a relatively stable internal environment despite changes outside the body.
• Examples include maintaining body temperature, blood glucose levels, and water balance.

Last verified on 28-10-2026

Explanation

• The study of the structure of tissues of plants and animals is known as Histology.
• It involves examining the structure, composition, and function of cells and tissues under a microscope.
  

Additional information:

• Geology is the study of rocks and Earth's structure.
• Radiology is the study of medical imaging techniques like X-rays and MRI.

Last verified on 22-01-2026