Explanation

• Heart valves consist mainly of dense connective tissue covered by endocardium.
• They contain collagen and elastic fibres.
• Their main function is to prevent the backward flow of blood.

Last verified on 06-11-2026

Explanation

• Equisetum is commonly known as horsetail.
• It is a seedless vascular plant.
• It reproduces through spores rather than seeds.

Last verified on 06-11-2026

Explanation

• Amphioxus, also called Branchiostoma, belongs to subphylum Cephalochordata.
• Its notochord extends from the head region to the tail.
• The notochord persists throughout life.

Last verified on 06-11-2026

Explanation

• Mitochondria are surrounded by two membranes.
• The inner membrane is folded into structures called cristae.
• They produce ATP through cellular respiration.
• They are known as the powerhouse of the cell.

Last verified on 06-11-2026

Explanation

• Ribosomes are non-membranous cell organelles.
• They are responsible for protein synthesis.
• They are found freely in the cytoplasm or attached to rough endoplasmic reticulum.

Last verified on 06-11-2026

Explanation

• Acoelomates are animals that lack a true body cavity called a coelom.
• Planaria belongs to phylum Platyhelminthes.
• Flatworms are generally classified as acoelomate animals.

Last verified on 01-02-2026

Explanation

• Soy sauce is produced by the fermentation of soybeans.
• Microorganisms like Aspergillus oryzae or Aspergillus sojae are used in the process.
• It is widely used as a flavoring condiment in Asian cuisine.

Additional information:

Other Ingredients in Soy Sauce (5):

1. Wheat (for flavor)
2. Salt
3. Water
4. Lactic acid bacteria
5. Yeast

Types of Soy Sauce: Light, Dark, Tamari

Last verified on 19-01-2026

Explanation

• Aspergillus oryzae is commonly known as koji mold.
• It helps break down proteins and carbohydrates during fermentation.
• It is used in the traditional production of soy sauce, miso, and sake.

Last verified on 06-11-2026

Explanation

• Kelp is a large marine brown alga.
• It belongs to the class Phaeophyceae.
• Brown colour is mainly due to the pigment fucoxanthin.

Last verified on 06-11-2026

Explanation

• Ascomycetes are commonly called sac fungi.
• They produce sexual spores called ascospores inside sac-like structures called asci.
• Saccharomyces is a well-known example used in baking and fermentation.

Last verified on 06-11-2026