Explanation

• Phycology is the branch of biology that studies algae.
• Algae are primarily aquatic, photosynthetic organisms found in freshwater, seawater, and moist environments.
• Phycology is also known as algology.

Additional information:

• Bacteriology: Study of bacteria
• Mycology: Study of fungi
• Virology: Study of viruses

Last verified on 12-10-2026

Explanation

• Gaps are provided between railway rails to allow for thermal expansion during hot weather.
• Metal rails expand when their temperature increases and contract when their temperature decreases.

Additional information:

• Scientific principle: Expansion of solids due to heat
• Effect of excessive heat: Rails may buckle
• Effect of cooling: Rails contract

Last verified on 12-10-2026

Explanation

• The modern periodic table arranges elements in order of increasing atomic number.
• The atomic number is the number of protons present in the nucleus of an atom.
• Elements with similar chemical properties are placed in the same group (vertical column).
• The modern periodic law was established by Henry Moseley.

Last verified on 12-10-2026

Explanation

• The atomic number of hydrogen is 1.
• It is the first element on the periodic table. 
• Named by: Antoine Lavoisier (1783)
• Atomic mass: 1.00784 u
• Appearance: Colorless gas
• Symbol: H
• Protons: 1
• Electrons: 1

Last updated 26-07-2026 by NA

Explanation

• Velocity is a vector quantity. 
• A vector quantity has both magnitude and direction.
• Velocity, which describes the rate of change of position in a specific direction.
• It needs both a magnitude (speed) and a direction to be fully defined. 
• Vector Quantities: Velocity, momentum, torque, acceleration.
• Scalar Quantities: Work, distance, speed, mass.

Last verified on 12-10-2026

Explanation

• Main mineral in hemoglobin: Iron
• Chemical symbol: Fe
• Location: Red blood cells
• Main function: Oxygen transport throughout the body

Last verified on 12-10-2026

Explanation

• Jupiter has the shortest rotation period of all eight planets in the Solar System.
• It completes one rotation in approximately 9 hours and 56 minutes.

Additional information:

• Fastest rotation: Jupiter
• Earth's rotation: Approximately 24 hours
• Mars's rotation: Approximately 24 hours 37 minutes

Last verified on 12-10-2026

Explanation

• The Equator is an imaginary line that divides Earth into the Northern Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere.
• It is located at 0° latitude.
• It is the largest circle of latitude.
• It is with a circumference of approximately 40,075 km.
• The Equator passes through parts of South America, Africa, and Asia.

Additional information:

• Equator: 0° latitude; divides north and south.
• Prime Meridian: 0° longitude; divides east and west.
• Tropic of Cancer: Approximately 23.5° north latitude.
• Tropic of Capricorn: Approximately 23.5° south latitude.

Last verified on 12-10-2026

Explanation

• Michael Faraday introduced the concept of the electric field in the 19th century.
• He developed the idea of lines of force to explain how electric charges exert forces on one another.

Additional information:

• James Clerk Maxwell later developed mathematical equations describing electromagnetic fields.

Last verified on 12-10-2026

Explanation

• A solar eclipse can damage the retina if the Sun is viewed directly without proper eye protection.
• The Sun's intense light can cause solar retinopathy, which may result in permanent vision damage.
• During a solar eclipse, use certified eclipse glasses that comply with ISO 12312-2; ordinary sunglasses are not safe.

Additional information:

• A lunar eclipse is safe to view with the naked eye because it involves observing the Moon.

Last verified on 12-10-2026