Explanation

• WBCs survive for about 13–20 days, depending on the type.
• WBCs are also called Leukocytes.
• They protect the body against infections.
• They are produced in the bone marrow.

Important Note: The 13–20 days lifespan is not applicable to all WBCs; their lifespan varies according to type.

Explanation

• Nitrous oxide, commonly known as laughing gas.
• It is a colorless, non-flammable gas used in medicine.
• Nitrous oxide (N₂O) causes temporary laughing and relaxation.

Additional information:

• Nitrous oxide was discovered by Joseph Priestley in 1772.

Last verified on 18-01-2026

Explanation

The least count of a Vernier caliper is 0.1 mm (or 0.01 cm).

It is the smallest measurement that can be accurately read using the instrument.

It is derived from the difference between one main scale reading and one Vernier scale reading.

It is commonly used to accurately measure outside diameters of shafts, thicknesses of various parts, diameters of holes or rings, internal dimensions of hollow jobs, and depths of holes or steps. 

Explanation

Vitamin B Complex deficiency, specifically Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) deficiency, can cause:

Beriberi, a disease characterized by:

• Fatigue and weakness
• Nerve damage and pain
• Heart problems
• Swelling of legs and feet

Additional information:

• Vitamin B3 (Niacin) deficiency → Pellagra
• Vitamin B12 deficiency → Megaloblastic anemia and neurological problems

Last verified on 01-10-2026

Explanation

• Connective tissue provides support and structural strength to the body.
• Bone and cartilage are important connective tissues involved in skeletal support.
• It also connects, protects, and supports different body structures.
• It helps form the body's structural framework.

Last verified on 01-10-2026

Explanation

• Carbohydrates make up approximately 2–10% of the cell membrane.
• They are mainly present on the outer surface of the plasma membrane.
• They are attached to proteins and lipids.
• They are forming glycoproteins and glycolipids.
• They help in cell recognition and communication.

Last verified on 01-10-2026

Explanation

• Lactose = Glucose + Galactose
• Lactose is a disaccharide, meaning it contains two monosaccharide units.
• It is commonly known as milk sugar.
• Lactose is the main carbohydrate found in milk and dairy products.

Last verified on 01-10-2026

Explanation

• Residual volume (RV) is the volume of air that remains in the lungs after maximum forced expiration.
• It cannot be voluntarily exhaled completely.
• It helps prevent the lungs from collapsing.
• It is different from normal tidal breathing.

Last verified on 01-10-2026

Explanation

• Plasma is a component of extracellular fluid (ECF).
• It is the liquid portion of blood.
• Plasma is found within blood vessels.
• It contains water, proteins, electrolytes, nutrients, hormones, and waste products.

Last updated 08 Nov 2026 by NA

Explanation

• Calcitonin decreases blood calcium levels.
• It is a hormone produced by the C cells of the thyroid gland.
• It promotes calcium deposition in bones.
• It acts opposite to parathyroid hormone (PTH).

Last verified on 01-10-2026