Explanation

• Criterion-referenced assessment evaluates students against fixed learning objectives.
• It measures what a student can do based on predefined standards.
• It does not compare students with each other.
• Each student is judged independently.
• Therefore, it focuses on mastery of specific criteria.

Last verified on 03-06-2026

Explanation

• Formative assessment is conducted during the learning process to monitor students' progress and improve teaching.
• An Observation Checklist is a common tool for formative assessment.
• It helps teachers record students' performance, behavior, skills, and participation.

Last verified on 03-06-2026

Explanation

• Problem-solving skills are best measured through practical application.
• Real-life tasks or case studies simulate actual situations.
• Students apply knowledge, analyze problems, and find solutions.
• This method shows higher validity than traditional tests.

Last verified on 03-06-2026

Explanation

• Formative assessment is used during the learning process.
• It helps improve teaching and student understanding continuously.
• The main purpose is to provide feedback for improvement.

Last verified on 03-06-2026

Explanation

• Authentic assessment measures real-world skills and practical application of knowledge.
• It focuses on tasks similar to real-life situations.
• A real-life project allows students to apply learning in practical contexts.
• It reflects problem-solving and critical thinking abilities.

Last verified on 03-06-2026

Explanation

• Ralph Tyler emphasized that curriculum content should be organized and purposeful.
• Chaotic or disorganized content is generally not effective in achieving important educational objectives.
• Tyler's curriculum model focuses on objectives, learning experiences, organization, and evaluation.

Last verified on 03-06-2026

Explanation

• Rapport means a positive and effective relationship between teacher and students.
• It includes trust, respect, and good interaction in the classroom.
• Teacher believes all learners are equally capable to learn.
• It creates a friendly and supportive learning environment.
• It improves student motivation and participation.

Last verified on 03-06-2026

Explanation

• Impression management refers to the ways people try to influence how others perceive them.
• It is an important aspect of communication behavior in teaching.
• Teacher education curricula have been criticized for not including effective techniques for training in impression management.
• Non-verbal and verbal behavior are also important parts of teacher communication.

Last verified on 03-06-2026

Explanation

• The ripple effect in classroom management means one action influencing many others.
• When a teacher corrects one student firmly, other students also adjust their behavior.
• It creates a positive chain reaction in class discipline.
• This helps maintain order without correcting everyone individually.

Last verified on 03-06-2026

Explanation

• Elaborated codes use detailed, clear, and explicit language.
• They are used in formal and educated communication settings.
• They explain ideas fully without assuming prior knowledge.

Additional information:

• Restricted codes use simple, concrete language focused on physical objects and actions.

Last verified on 03-06-2026