Explanation

• Jallianwala Bagh is located in Amritsar, Punjab, India, near the Golden Temple.
• Massacre: Took place on 13 April 1919.
• Commander: Brigadier-General Reginald Dyer ordered the troops to fire on the gathering.
• Casualties: The official British figure recorded 379 deaths, while Indian estimates were considerably higher.

Last verified on 11-08-2026

Explanation

• CCD: Crime Control Department.
• Province: Punjab.
• Approved by: Chief Minister Maryam Nawaz Sharif.
• Technology: Artificial intelligence and modern forensic systems.
• Purpose: Improve crime investigation and control.

Last verified on 11-08-2026

Explanation

• Largest Coalfield: Thar Coalfield, Tharparkar, Sindh
• Discovery Year: 1991
• Global Ranking: Among the world's 16th-largest coal reserves
• The Thar Coalfield covers an area of about 9,100 km² in the Thar Desert.

Additional information:

• Sindh: 184.623
• Punjab: 0.235
• Balochistan: 0.217
• Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK): 0.092
• Azad Jammu & Kashmir (AJK): 0.009
• Total Coal Reserves: 185.175 billion tons

Last verified on 20-07-2026

Explanation

• IBIS: Indus Basin Irrigation System.
• Main river: Indus River and its tributaries.
• Purpose: Provides irrigation water for agriculture in Pakistan.
• Major components: Canals, barrages, dams, and link canals.
• Importance: Supports Pakistan's agricultural economy and food production.

Last verified on 11-08-2026

Explanation

• Deposits of copper, gold, and silver were discovered in the 1970s.
• The Saindak Copper-Gold Project is located in Chagai District, Balochistan, Pakistan.
• Trial production began in 1995.
• The project has been developed and operated in collaboration with China.
• Saindak is an important mineral and mining project of Balochistan.

Last verified on 11-08-2026

Explanation

• Location: Near Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan.
• Established: 1972.
• It contains diverse desert, forest, and wetland ecosystems.
• It is one of the largest national parks in Pakistan.
• It is recognized by UNESCO as a Biosphere Reserve.

Last verified on 11-08-2026

Explanation

• Major Raja Aziz Bhatti was awarded the Nishan-e-Haider for his bravery during the 1965 Indo-Pak War.
• He was martyred on 12 September 1965.
• Battle: Burki sector, Lahore.
• He was the first PMA Long Course officer to receive both the Sword of Honour and Norman Medal.

Additional information:

• The Nishan-e-Haider literally means “Emblem of the Lion.”
• First recipient: Captain Muhammad Sarwar Shaheed — 1948.
• Second: Naik Saif Ali Janjua Shaheed — 1948.
• Third: Major Tufail Muhammad Shaheed — 1958.
• Latest recipient: Havaldar Lalak Jan Shaheed — 1999.

Last verified on 11-08-2026

Explanation

• Auction date: 10 March 2026
• Spectrum sold: 480 MHz
• Jazz: Acquired 190 MHz.
• Ufone: Acquired 180 MHz.
• Zong: Acquired 110 MHz.

Additional information:

• Initial auction proceeds: US$507 million
• Final proceeds after position assignment: US$510 million (Rs142.6 billion) on 12 March 2026.
• PTA: Pakistan Telecommunication Authority conducted the auction.
• Frequency bands sold: 700 MHz, 2300 MHz, 2600 MHz and 3500 MHz.

Last verified on 10-08-2026

Explanation

• Maulana Abul Kalam Azad served as INC President from 1940 to 1946.
• He presided over the Congress during the Quit India Movement of 1942.
• The Quit India Resolution was passed at the Bombay session in August 1942.

Additional information:

1. Womesh Chandra Bonnerjee (W.C. Bonnerjee) — 1885
2. Dadabhai Naoroji — 1886
3. Badruddin Tyabji — 1887

Last verified on 10-08-2026

Explanation

• SEATO was founded on 8 September 1954.
• Pakistan joined SEATO in the same year 1954 as a member.
• It was a Cold War military alliance led by the United States.
• Pakistan later withdrew its association in the 1970s (after 1972/1973 period changes).
• SEATO was officially dissolved in 1977.

Last verified on 29-04-2026