Passage: Measurements do not become neutral merely because they are numerical. Before a quantity can be counted, someone must decide what belongs in the category and where its boundaries lie. Such decisions may be reasonable, but they are not invisible. A stable index can illuminate change only when the meaning of its components remains sufficiently constant. If definitions shift while the figures are compared, apparent improvement may reflect reclassification rather than reality. Conversely, refusing all comparison because categories are imperfect would sacrifice useful knowledge. The prudent analyst therefore examines both the numbers and the conventions that made them possible.
Which statement best expresses the passage's central claim? Quantitative comparisons require scrutiny of underlying categories.
The statement that classificatory decisions "are not invisible" chiefly means that such decisions? Shape the meaning of resulting measurements.
According to the passage, an apparent improvement may be misleading when? Definitions used across successive measurements have shifted.
Which pair of positions does the author reject? Uncritical trust and wholesale scepticism.
Which procedure would most closely follow the author's recommendation? Verify category stability before interpreting numerical change.
The provincial training institute instructed each section to draft its quarterly report so that it merely presents the data accurately and avoids unnecessary claims.
The provincial training institute instructed each section to draft its quarterly report so that it briefly presents the data accurately and avoids unnecessary claims.
The provincial training institute instructed each section to draft its quarterly report so that it both interprets the data accurately and avoids unnecessary claims.
Correct sentence: The provincial training institute instructed each section to draft its quarterly report so that it both interprets the data accurately and avoids unnecessary claims.
Although a digital copy of the record was available, the security officer drew no conclusion without checking the original file, because even minor entry discrepancy could effect the candidate's eligibility.
Although a digital copy of the record was available the security officer drew no conclusion without checking the original file, because even minor entry discrepancy could effect the candidate's eligibility
Although a digital copy of the record was available the security officer drew no conclusion without checking the original file. Because even minor entry discrepancy could effect the candidate's eligibility.
Correct sentence: Although a digital copy of the record was available, the security officer drew no conclusion without checking the original file, because even minor entry discrepancy could effect the candidate's eligibility.
