Explanation

• Pakistan assumed the presidency of the United Nations Conference on Disarmament (CD) on 17 August 2026.
• Ambassador Tahir Hussain Andrabi presided over its meetings on Pakistan’s behalf. 
• The Conference on Disarmament is based at the United Nations Office at Geneva.
• It has 65 member states.
• It serves as a forum for negotiating disarmament and arms-control treaties. 
• Its key issues include nuclear disarmament, preventing nuclear war, and preventing an arms race in outer space.

Last verified on 21-10-2026

Explanation

• The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) is a regional intergovernmental organisation focused on security, economic cooperation, and regional stability.
• India and Pakistan both became full members of the SCO in 2017.
• The SCO was founded in 2001 in Shanghai, China.

Last verified on 21-10-2026

Explanation

• Pakistan recognizes the People’s Republic of China as the sole legitimate government representing all of China and supports the One-China principle.
• Pakistan considers the Taiwan issue an internal matter of China and supports the peaceful resolution of cross-strait differences.
• Pakistan does not maintain official diplomatic relations with Taiwan, reflecting its established diplomatic position.

Additional information:

• Pakistan and China established diplomatic relations on 21 May 1951.
• Their relationship is commonly described by both governments as an all-weather strategic cooperative partnership.

Last verified on 21-10-2026

Explanation

• The Kharlachi border crossing is located in Kurram District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, near Afghanistan’s Khost area.
• It serves as a border crossing for cross-border movement and trade between Pakistan and Afghanistan.
• The Khyber Corridor is associated with the route through the Khyber Pass.
• It connects Pakistan with Afghanistan via Torkham.

Last verified on 21-10-2026

Explanation

• Monetary policy affects inflation gradually because changes in interest rates take time to influence borrowing, spending, investment, and aggregate demand.
• A higher policy rate generally discourages borrowing and spending, helping reduce demand-driven inflation over time.
• Keeping the rate unchanged maintains the existing policy stance.
• The transmission period of 18–24 months means the full effects may take time to emerge; it does not mean that inflation cannot respond earlier.

Last verified on 21-10-2026

Explanation

• Article 243 of the Constitution of Pakistan provides that the President appoints the Chief of Army Staff, who concurrently serves as the Chief of Defence Forces, on the advice of the Prime Minister.
• The President approved Field Marshal Syed Asim Munir’s appointment as the first CDF on 4 December 2025, following the Prime Minister’s advice.

Last verified on 21-10-2026

Explanation

• LLM stands for Large Language Model.
• It is an advanced Artificial Intelligence (AI) model trained on large amounts of text data.
• LLMs can understand, generate, summarize, and translate human language.
• They are widely used in chatbots, virtual assistants, and content generation.
• Examples include ChatGPT, Gemini, Claude, and Llama.

Last verified on 21-10-2026

Explanation

• SaaS stand for Software as a Service.
• SaaS is a cloud computing model that allows users to access software over the internet without installing or maintaining it locally.
• Examples include Google Docs, Microsoft 365, and Salesforce.

Additional information:

• SaaS is one of the three major cloud service models: SaaS, PaaS (Platform as a Service), and IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service).

Last verified on 21-10-2026

Explanation

• HDMI stands for High-Definition Multimedia Interface.
• It transmits digital video and audio signals through a single cable.
• It is commonly used to connect computers, laptops, gaming consoles, and DVD players to televisions or monitors.
• HDMI supports high-quality video and multichannel audio, depending on the devices and cable specifications.

Last verified on 21-10-2026

Explanation

• Bitcoin uses blockchain technology to record and verify transactions on a distributed public ledger.
• A blockchain stores transactions in blocks that are linked together using cryptographic hashes.
• Transactions are validated by network participants through Bitcoin’s Proof of Work (PoW) consensus mechanism.
• Bitcoin was introduced by the pseudonymous creator Satoshi Nakamoto in 2009.

Last verified on 21-10-2026