Explanation

• Maysir refers to gambling or games of chance in which wealth is gained at another party’s expense through wagering.
• The Qur’an explicitly prohibits Maysir in Surah Al-Ma’idah (5:90), alongside intoxicants and other prohibited practices.
• Lotteries and gambling-based transactions are common examples of Maysir because they involve wagering and the uncertain transfer of wealth.

Additional information:

• Gharar refers to excessive uncertainty or ambiguity in a contract that can lead to disputes or unfairness.
• Riba refers to prohibited interest or usurious gain in Islamic law.

Last verified on 19-10-2026

Explanation

• Mudarabah is an Islamic financial partnership between the capital provider (Rabb-ul-Mal) and the working partner (Mudarib).
• The capital provider supplies the investment, while the Mudarib manages the business and provides the necessary work and expertise.
• Profits are distributed according to a mutually agreed ratio, not as a guaranteed fixed amount.
• In the event of a genuine financial loss, the capital provider loses the invested capital, while the Mudarib loses the time and effort invested.

Last verified on 19-10-2026

Explanation

• Islam recognizes private ownership while requiring wealth to be acquired and used through lawful means.
• Property rights are not considered absolute; they are subject to Islamic moral principles, legal obligations, and the rights of others.
• Islam prohibits Riba (interest/usury) and condemns fraud, exploitation, and unjust enrichment.
• Obligatory Zakat redistributes a prescribed share of eligible wealth to designated categories of recipients, helping support social welfare.
• Islamic economics encourages trade, investment, charity, and productive activity while emphasizing justice and social responsibility.

Last verified on 19-10-2026

Explanation

• Ijtihad is the process of qualified juristic reasoning used to derive Islamic legal rulings for issues requiring scholarly assessment.
• A qualified Mujtahid needs sound knowledge of the Qur’an and Sunnah, the primary sources of Islamic law.
• Knowledge of Usul al-Fiqh (principles of Islamic jurisprudence) is essential for applying legal methods correctly.
• The scholar must understand Arabic, relevant scholarly interpretations, and the circumstances of the issue being assessed.

Last verified on 19-10-2026

Explanation

• The Treaty of Hudaybiyyah was concluded in 6 AH (628 CE) between Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and the Quraysh of Makkah.
• Although some treaty terms initially appeared unfavourable to the Muslims, the Prophet (PBUH) accepted the agreement to secure peace and avoid immediate conflict.
• The peace period created opportunities for peaceful interaction, dialogue, and the spread of Islam.
• The treaty demonstrated the importance of patience, negotiation, strategic thinking, and fulfilling agreements in diplomatic relations.
• The Qur’an describes this event as a clear victory in Surah Al-Fath (48:1), highlighting its long-term significance.

Last verified on 19-10-2026

Explanation

• Era: Fatimid period
• Location: Cairo, Egypt
• Established: 970–972 CE
• University status: 1961
• Founder associated: Al-Mu'izz li-Din Allah

Last verified on 08-09-2026

Explanation

• Islamic legal assessment begins by examining the Qur’an and Sunnah, the primary sources of Islamic guidance.
• If the issue is not directly addressed, qualified scholars consider recognised principles of Islamic jurisprudence (Usul al-Fiqh).
• Ijma‘ (consensus) and Qiyas (analogical reasoning) may be applied where appropriate, according to the relevant school of Islamic law.
• Scholars carefully examine the facts, circumstances, relevant evidence, and underlying legal principles before reaching a conclusion.

Last verified on 19-10-2026

Explanation

• Islamic civilization emphasizes that material progress should be accompanied by moral and spiritual development.
• Islamic teachings emphasize Akhlaq (moral character), Amanah (trustworthiness), and Adl (justice) in individual and collective life.
• Corruption and exploitation indicate a failure to uphold ethical principles and social responsibilities.
• The Qur’an connects human success with righteousness and warns against corruption on earth (Surah Al-A‘raf, 7:56).

Last verified on 19-10-2026

Explanation

• Accountability means that every office-holder is responsible for how they use the authority entrusted to them.
• Islamic governance emphasizes justice, honesty, trust (Amanah), and responsibility in public affairs.
• The Qur’an commands that trusts be delivered to those entitled to them and that judgments be made with justice (Surah An-Nisa, 4:58).

Last verified on 19-10-2026

Explanation

• Hisbah was a classical Islamic institution responsible for promoting proper conduct and protecting public interests.
• The Muhtasib was the official associated with Hisbah and supervised market practices, including fair trade, accurate weights and measures, and prevention of fraud.
• Hisbah also involved oversight of certain public spaces and compliance with relevant public obligations.
• Its purpose included protecting consumers, encouraging honesty in business, and preventing harmful practices.

Last verified on 19-10-2026