Explanation

• Work-charged works: Paid directly from the specific project's funds.

Additional information

• Deposit works: Funded by an external agency or depositor.
• Annual works: Routine, yearly maintenance tasks.
• Departmental works: Executed directly by the government department's own labor.

Explanation

• An accident caused by a short-circuit of electricity is called a fire accident
• Because electrical faults produce sparks and heat that start fires.

Additional information:

Accident Types

• Mechanical: Caused by moving parts or machinery.
• Chemical: Caused by dangerous substances or toxic leaks
• Natural: Caused by weather or earth movements.

Explanation

• Curing: Keeping concrete moist to ensure full strength development.

Additional information 

• Compaction: Removing trapped air bubbles to densify the mix.
• Mixing: Blending cement, aggregates, and water into a uniform paste
• Finishing: Levelling and smoothing the concrete surface after placement.

Explanation

• Merchant ships: 0.30 to 1.00 m (provides a stable but comfortable roll for crew and cargo).

Additional information

• Sailing ships: 0.45 to 1.25 m (higher values help resist wind forces on sails).
• Warships / Battleships: 1.00 to 1.50 m (higher stability ensures safety even after taking damage).
• River crafts: Up to 3.50 m (very high values due to shallow drafts and wide configurations)

Explanation

• Ratio: 4:1 is the standard (range: 3:1 to 5:1).
• Purpose: Prevents short-circuiting and ensures uniform water flow.

Explanation

 Canal Bank Terms

• Spoil bank: Piles of surplus excavated soil.
• Canal bank: Main embankment to hold water.
• Guide bank: Directs river flow through structures.
• Marginal bank: Levee to prevent flood spilling.

Explanation

•  Bleeding: Heavier solids settle down, pushing free water to the surface.

Additional information

• Segregation: The general separation of concrete mix components.
• Compaction: Mechanical shaking or packing to remove trapped air.
• Shrinkage: Volume reduction as concrete dries and hardens over time.

Explanation

• Perennial: Continuous, year-round water supply from permanent rivers.

Additional information

• Inundation: Seasonal supply only during river floods.
• Temporary: Non-standard engineering classification.
• Navigation: Built for boat transport, not water distribution.

Explanation

• A frog is the depression provided on the surface of a brick.
• In masonry, it is generally kept on the top face.
• Mortar fills the frog and provides a better bond.
• It helps improve the strength and stability of brick masonry.

Explanation

• One end of the column is fixed and the other is free.
• Its effective/equivalent length is 2L.
• This condition gives the column a higher effective length.
• It is important when calculating the buckling load.