LECTURER ENGLISH PAST PAPERS AND SYLLABUS
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چار آپشن میں سے کسی ایک پر کلک کرنے سے جواب سرخ ہو جائے گا۔
- The loan-borrowing vocabulary from one language to another
- Use of two languages or dialects in a single sentence
- Permanent alternatives in a language over time
- The choice of words and style of expression
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Explanation
- Code switching is when a speaker alternates between two languages or language varieties in speech or writing.
- It often happens in bilingual or multilingual communities for ease of communication or expression.
- It can occur within a sentence or between sentences depending on context.
Last verified on 06-06-2026
- Involving teaching staff to develop new relevant curricula
- Focuses on what learners are excepted to know in various subject areas
- The key concepts over time in the context of new
- One system of curriculum, medium of instruction and assessment in a state
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Explanation
- The spiral curriculum means students learn the same key ideas again and again at increasing levels of difficulty.
- Each time a concept is revisited, it is studied in greater depth and complexity.
- This approach helps learners build strong and long-term understanding of concepts.
Last verified on 06-06-2026
- Schneider
- George Widdowson
- Moag
- Braj Kachru
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Explanation
- The Three Circles Model of World Englishes was proposed by Braj Kachru.
- It divides English into Inner Circle, Outer Circle, and Expanding Circle based on usage and function.
- This model explains how English spreads and functions differently across the world.
Last verified on 06-06-2026
- Use of a language for communication between different language communities
- Language exploitation of a powerful group for some advantages
- A language of any state
- A colonial language
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Explanation
- Linguistic imperialism refers to the dominance of one language over others due to political, economic, or cultural power.
- It often results in the marginalization of local languages and identities.
- It shows how powerful groups use language to maintain control and influence.
Last verified on 06-06-2026
- Authenticity of a sample under investigation
- A kind of a statistical test
- Sampling of data in research
- A characteristic that can be measured and that can assume have different values
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Explanation
- A variable is any factor in research that can change or vary.
- It is measurable, such as age, height, income, or test scores.
- Researchers study variables to understand relationships and patterns in data.
Last verified on 06-06-2026
- Utterance
- Corpus
- Compilation
- Collection
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Explanation
- A corpus is a large structured collection of spoken or written language data.
- Linguists use it to analyze patterns and discover language rules.
- It helps in studying grammar, vocabulary, and real language use scientifically.
Last verified on 06-06-2026
- Sapir
- Chomsky
- Saussure
- Bloomfield
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Explanation
- The terms “langue” (language system) and “parole” (actual speech) were introduced by Ferdinand de Saussure.
- Langue refers to the structured system of language shared by a community.
- Parole refers to the individual use of language in real speech or writing.
Last verified on 06-06-2026
- Syntax
- Syllable
- Morpheme
- Sound
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Explanation
- A morpheme is the smallest unit of meaning in a language.
- It can be a word (book) or a part of a word (un-, -ed) that carries meaning.
- Unlike sounds or syllables, morphemes always contribute to meaning in language structure.
Last verified on 06-06-2026
- A group of countries that speak English as their third language
- A group of cities that speak English as their third language
- A group of countries that speak English as their second language
- A group of cities that speak English as their second language
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Explanation
- In World Englishes (Kachruvian Model), the outer circle refers to countries where English is used as a second language (ESL).
- These are usually former colonies where English has official or institutional use (education, government).
- Examples include countries like India, Pakistan, and Nigeria.
Last verified on 06-06-2026
- Content words
- Structure words
- Function words
- Auxiliary words
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Explanation
- In neutral speech, content words (nouns, main verbs, adjectives, adverbs) carry the main meaning and are stressed.
- Structure/function words (articles, prepositions, auxiliaries) are usually unstressed.
- This stress pattern helps listeners understand the important information in a sentence.
Last verified on 06-06-2026
