Explanation

Molar mass of CO₂ = 12 (C) + 16×2 (O) = 44 g/mol

Number of moles = Mass / Molar mass = 60 / 44 ≈ 1.364 mol

Explanation

Fe = 56, N = 14 × 2 = 28, O = 16 × 6 = 96 → Total = 56 + 28 + 96 = 180 amu

This is the correct formula mass for Iron (II) Nitrate, Fe(NO₃)₂.

Explanation

The smallpox vaccine (1796) by Edward Jenner and rabies vaccine (1885) by Louis Pasteur were key biotech advances before the 20th century.

DNA structure was discovered later in the mid-20th century.

Artificial sweeteners also post-date that era.

Explanation

حقوق العباد وہ حقوق ہیں جو انسانوں کے باہمی تعلقات سے متعلق ہوتے ہیں (جیسے کسی کا مال، عزت، یا حق تلف کرنا)۔

اللہ تعالیٰ ان حقوق کو تبھی معاف کرتے ہیں جب متعلقہ انسان معاف کرے۔

Explanation

Carbon has 4 electrons in its outer shell.

It forms 4 covalent bonds, making it tetravalent (valency = 4).

Explanation

Decaying involves the breakdown of organic matter into simpler substances through chemical reactions.

It alters the original composition of the material, which is a hallmark of a chemical change.

Explanation

Open garbage dumps release toxic gases into the air, leading to air pollution (e.g., methane, ammonia).

When rainwater passes through waste, it forms leachate, which contaminates groundwater and causes water pollution.

Explanation

Lactobacillus bulgaricus is a lactic acid bacterium used primarily in the fermentation of milk to produce yogurt.

It works alongside Streptococcus thermophilus to convert lactose into lactic acid, giving yogurt its texture and tangy flavor.

Explanation

A terrestrial food chain typically starts with a producer (like grass), followed by primary consumers (herbivores like grasshoppers), then secondary consumers (like snakes), and ends with top predators (like eagles).

This sequence shows the correct flow of energy from plants to top carnivores.

Explanation

Humayun was the eldest son of Zahir-ud-Din Muhammad Babur, the founder of the Mughal Empire.

He succeeded Babur as the second Mughal emperor in 1530.