Explanation

Angiosperms are flowering plants that produce seeds enclosed within a carpel/fruit.

In contrast, gymnosperms have naked seeds not enclosed by a fruit.

Explanation

Photosynthesis involves:

• Energy-Rich Carbohydrates are Synthesized: Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy, primarily in the form of glucose (a carbohydrate) and other sugars.
• CO₂ and H₂ of Water are Reactants: During photosynthesis, plants take in carbon dioxide (CO₂) from the atmosphere and water (H₂O) from the soil.
• The hydrogen from the water molecule is used in the synthesis of glucose.
• Chlorophyll Alone Converts Light Energy to Chemical Energy: Chlorophyll, the green pigment in plants, plays a crucial role in capturing light energy.
• This light energy is then converted into chemical energy, which powers the synthesis of glucose.

Explanation

The gizzard is a thick, muscular part of a bird’s stomach that grinds and crushes food.

Birds often swallow small stones to help the gizzard in grinding food efficiently.

Explanation

Gossypium hirsutum is the scientific name of upland cotton, the most widely cultivated cotton species.

The following table provides the botanical names for a variety of familiar plants: 

Explanation

Fungicides are chemicals used to control fungal infections in crops.

Herbicides target weeds.

Insecticides target insects.

Explanation

C-4 plants (e.g., maize, sugarcane) have a special pathway that minimizes photorespiration.

This makes them more efficient in photosynthesis under high light intensity, temperature, and low CO₂ conditions.

Explanation

AIDS is caused by HIV.

It spreads through infected needles, sexual contact, and unsafe practices.

It is not transmitted by casual contact like touching or sharing food.

Explanation

Aquatic arthropods like crabs, prawns, and some aquatic insects use gills to extract oxygen from water.

Gills provide a large surface area for gas exchange in an aquatic environment.

Explanation

Geotropism is the growth response of plants toward or away from gravity.

Roots show positive geotropism (grow downward) and shoots show negative geotropism (grow upward).

Explanation

A vacuole is a sac-like organelle in cells that stores waste materials, water, and nutrients before they are removed or used by the cell.

It plays a key role in maintaining cell homeostasis.