Explanation

• Crops can be self-pollinated (pollen fertilizes the same flower) or cross-pollinated (pollen comes from another plant).
• Wheat is a classic example of a self-pollinated crop.
• Self-pollination ensures genetic stability and uniformity in crop varieties.

Last verified on 01-02-2026

Explanation

• Some plants store large amounts of water in their stems and leaves to survive in dry or arid conditions.
• These plants are called succulents.
• They have thick, fleshy tissues that retain water for long periods.
• Common examples include cactus, aloe vera, and agave.

Last verified on 01-02-2026

Explanation

• Evergreen cuttings are propagated from plants that retain leaves year-round.
• These cuttings root best when planted in autumn, as moderate temperatures and soil moisture favor growth.
• Proper planting time ensures higher survival and faster establishment.

Last verified on 01-02-2026

Explanation

• Panicle initiation is the stage when mango flower clusters start developing.
• In mango trees, this process usually begins in January–February in tropical regions.
• Timing may vary slightly depending on variety and climate.

Last verified on 01-02-2026

Explanation

• Plants can be shaped and managed by removing certain parts to improve growth and productivity.
• Heading back is the removal of any terminal part of a shoot or branch.
• It stimulates lateral growth, strengthens branches, and controls plant shape.

Last verified on 01-02-2026

Explanation

• Certain horticultural practices improve plant growth, shape, and fruiting.
• Topping is the removal of the inflorescence (flower cluster) along with some terminal leaves.
• It helps in controlling plant height, promoting lateral growth, and improving yield.

Last verified on 01-02-2026

Explanation

• Plant diseases can be caused by biotic (living) or abiotic (non-living) factors.
• Diseases caused by abiotic factors like drought, temperature extremes, nutrient deficiency, or chemical pollutants are non-infectious.
• Examples of abiotic diseases: chlorosis, scorching, nutrient deficiencies.

Last verified on 01-02-2026

Explanation

• Plants sometimes show abnormal growth due to external stimuli like insects, bacteria, or mechanical injury.
• This abnormal proliferation of stem tissue is called gall formation.
• Galls can occur on leaves, stems, or roots depending on the stimulus.

Last verified on 01-02-2026

Explanation

• Pruning improves air circulation and sunlight penetration, reducing humidity that favors fungal growth.
• Mango anthracnose is a fungal disease caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides.
• It affects leaves, flowers, and fruits, leading to reduced yield.

Last verified on 01-02-2026

Explanation

• Bacterial Leaf Blight (BLB) is a serious disease affecting rice crops.
• It is caused by the bacterium Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae.

Additional information:

• Rice Blast – Magnaporthe oryzae
• Sheath Blight – Rhizoctonia solani
• Brown Spot – Cochliobolus miyabeanus
• Tungro Virus – viral disease

Last verified on 24-01-2026