Explanation

• Ethylene is a gaseous plant hormone that stimulates fruit ripening.
• It can inhibit vegetative growth in some plants.
• It is naturally produced by fruits like apples and bananas during maturation.

Additional information:

• Abscisic acid helps in seed dormancy and stress response.
• Auxin mainly promotes cell elongation and growth.

Last verified on 30-01-2026

Explanation

• Brassica juncea is the scientific name of Indian mustard, a major oilseed crop.
• Cultivated for edible oil, seeds, and sometimes as a green manure crop.

Additional information:

• B. napus – Canola/Rapeseed
• B. oleracea – Cabbage, Cauliflower

Last verified on 01-02-2026

Explanation

• Hydrophytes are plants adapted to grow in water-rich environments such as ponds, lakes, and marshes.
• Examples: Water lily, Lotus, Hydrilla, and Rice (partially submerged).

Additional information:

• Plants that demand low water are called Xerophytes.

Last verified on 01-02-2026

Explanation

• Cotton (Gossypium spp.) belongs to the Malvaceae family.
• This family also includes okra (bhindi), hibiscus, and cacao.
• Plants usually have showy flowers and mucilaginous tissues.

Last verified on 01-02-2026

Explanation

• Wheat (Triticum aestivum) belongs to the Poaceae (Gramineae) family — the grass family.
• This family includes major cereals like wheat, rice, maize, barley, sorghum.
• Members have narrow leaves, hollow stems, and fibrous roots.

Last verified on 01-02-2026

Explanation

In chloroplasts, the Calvin cycle occurs in the stroma.

CO₂ is fixed and converted into sugars in this area.

Thylakoids are the site of light-dependent reactions, not sugar formation.

Stroma contains enzymes needed for carbon fixation.

Explanation

• Spermatophytes are plants that produce seeds and usually bear flowers or cones.
• They are the most advanced group of plants.

Additional information:

• Spermatophytes: Angiosperms (flowering plants) and Gymnosperms
• Bryophytes: Non-vascular, no seeds
• Pteridophytes: Vascular but seedless

Last verified on 27-01-2026

Explanation

• A toxin is a poison produced naturally by a plant.
• It protects the plant from herbivores and pathogens.

Additional information:

• Examples of toxic plants: Ricinus (Castor), Nerium (Oleander), Datura, Aconitum, Foxglove

Last verified on 25-01-2026

Explanation

• Inflorescence refers to the arrangement of flowers on a plant.
• Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) belongs to the family Asteraceae.
• Plants of this family typically bear flowers in a capitulum (head) type inflorescence.

Additional information:

• Capitulum is also called a head inflorescence.
• Common examples: sunflower, marigold, and safflower.

Last verified on 23-01-2026

Explanation

• Plants are classified based on shared characteristics and natural environment.
• A plant species is the basic unit of classification where plants can reproduce among themselves.

Additional information:

• A species is capable of natural reproduction within its group.
• Example: Triticum aestivum (common wheat) is a plant species.

Last verified on 22-01-2026