Explanation

• Cobalt-60 is used in radiotherapy to stop the growth of cancer cells.
  
• It emits gamma rays that target and destroy malignant cells in cancer treatment.

Explanation

White Blood Cells (WBCs), also known as leukocytes, are a vital part of the immune system.

They protect the body from infectious diseases and foreign invaders by identifying and eliminating pathogens.

Such as bacteria, viruses, and other foreign substances.

Explanation

Diabetes cause due to mall functioning of pincrease

The three main types of diabetes are:

Type 1 diabetes

Type 2 diabetes

Gestational diabetes

Type 1 diabetes

Type 1 diabetes is believed to be an autoimmune condition. This means your immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the beta cells in your pancreas that produce insulin. The damage is permanent.

Type 2 diabetes

Type 2 diabetes starts as insulin resistance. This means your body can’t use insulin efficiently. That stimulates your pancreas to produce more insulin until it can no longer keep up with demand. Insulin production decreases, which leads to high blood sugar.

Gestational diabetes

Gestational diabetes is due to insulin-blocking hormones produced during pregnancy. This type of diabetes only occurs during pregnancy.

Explanation

Pneumonia is a form of acute respiratory infection that affects the lungs

The lungs are made up of small sacs called alveoli, which fill with air when a healthy person breathes

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ND2-2-2023

Explanation

Tetanus is caused by the bacterium Clostridium tetani.

The other options are caused by different pathogens:

• Malaria is caused by a parasite (Plasmodium) transmitted through mosquito bites.
• Cancer is not caused by bacteria; it is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth.
• Rabies is caused by a virus (Rabies virus), not bacteria.

Explanation

White Corpuscles, or White Blood Cells (WBCs), or Leukocytes, act as a defense mechanism by fighting infections and diseases in the body.

They play a key role in the immune system.

They help fight infections and protect the body against foreign substances, such as bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens.

Explanation

The cell wall provides structural support and protection to plant cells.

Removing it would compromise the cell’s shape, make it vulnerable to damage, and likely cause it to burst due to osmotic pressure, leading to cell death.

Explanation

Tetanus is caused by Clostridium tetani, a bacterium that can enter the body through cuts or wounds, especially from soil or dirty surfaces—common when a child gets scratched while playing outside.

Explanation

Vaccines work by introducing a harmless version of a germ (an antigen) into the body to trigger an immune response.

The immune system then produces antibodies that will protect the body if it is ever exposed to the full-strength pathogen in the future.

The specific type of vaccine determines the form of the antigen used:

• Live-attenuated vaccines contain a weakened (or attenuated) form of the germ.
• These typically provide strong, long-lasting immunity with just one or two doses.
• Inactivated vaccines use the killed version of the germ.
• These often require multiple doses over time to maintain immunity.

Explanation

Tuberculosis is caused by bacteria, while AIDS is caused by a virus. 

Tuberculosis (TB)

• Caused by: The bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
• How it spreads: TB bacteria are spread through the air when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks. 

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

• Caused by: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
• How it spreads: HIV is spread through contact with infected body fluids, such as during sex or by sharing needles.