Explanation

• The first-ever IBM PC-compatible computer virus, named "Brain'
• It is also known as Pakistani Brain or Lahore
• Developed in January 1986
• By two brothers, Basit Farooq Alvi and Amjad Farooq Alvi,

Last updated by NA on 06-11-2026

Explanation

• A dedicated computer is assigned one and only one specific task.
• It is designed to perform a particular function.
• Dedicated computers are commonly used in ATMs, traffic-control systems, and industrial machines.
• They are optimized for their specific purpose and may be part of an embedded system.

Last updated by NA on 05-11-2026

Explanation

• DMA stands for Direct Memory Access.
• It is a method that allows an I/O device to transfer data directly to or from main memory (RAM).
• The CPU does not need to handle every individual byte of the transfer.
• DMA can improve data-transfer speed and reduce CPU workload.
• It is commonly used for devices such as disk drives, network cards, and sound cards.

Last updated by NA on 05-11-2026

Explanation

• DOS stands for Disk Operating System.
• It is an early type of computer operating system used to manage files and programs.
• It works through text-based commands (command line).
• A famous example is MS-DOS used in early PCs. 
• Dennis Ritchie is the father of MS-DOS.
• It was developed in 1982.

Last updated by NA on 05-11-2026

Explanation

• - Software: A set of instructions that tells a computer how to perform specific tasks.
• - Examples: MS Word, Windows, Google Chrome.

Additional information:

• - Monitor: An output device that displays information.
• - Hardware: Physical parts of a computer.
• - Printer: An output device that prints information on paper.

Last updated by NA on 05-11-2026

Explanation

Light Pen: An input device used to select or draw directly on a computer screen.

- Type: Pointing device.

- Uses: Drawing, selecting, and pointing.

- Example: Selecting an object on a CRT screen.

Last updated by NA on 05-11-2026

Explanation

1 byte equals 8 bits.

Additional Information

Last updated by NA on 05-11-2026

Explanation

• Invented by: Dennis Ritchie.
• First appeared: 1972.
• Developed at: Bell Laboratories, USA.
• Company: AT&T.
• Type: General-purpose programming language.
• Co-developer of: UNIX.
• Known as: Father of C Language.

Last updated by NA on 05-11-2026

Explanation

• Computare is a Latin word meaning to calculate or count.
• The word “Computer” refers to a device that performs calculations and processes data.

Additional information:

• First commercial CPU: Intel 4004 (1971)
• Invented by: Italian physicist Federico Faggin
• First widely used high-level programming language: FORTRAN (1957).

Last updated by NA on 04-11-2026

Explanation