Explanation

• Red-green colour blindness is usually an X-linked recessive trait.
• The father passes his affected X chromosome to all daughters and his Y chromosome to all sons.
• A non-carrier mother passes a normal X chromosome to every child, so all children will have normal vision. All daughters will be carriers.

Last verified on 06-11-2026

Explanation

• In codominance, both alleles express themselves equally in the heterozygous condition.
• Neither allele completely masks the other.
• The AB blood group in humans is a classic example.

Last verified on 06-11-2026

Explanation

• Epistasis occurs when the expression of one gene is affected by another gene at a different locus.
• This interaction can mask or modify the effects of the other gene, leading to variations in phenotypes.

Last verified on 06-11-2026

Explanation

• The signed area under a velocity-time graph gives displacement.
• Area above the time axis is positive, while area below it is negative.
• The total distance travelled is obtained by adding the absolute areas.

Last verified on 06-11-2026

Explanation

• The slope of a distance-time graph represents the speed of an object.
• Speed is calculated by dividing the change in distance by the change in time.
• A steeper slope indicates greater speed, while a horizontal line indicates that the object is at rest.

Last verified on 31-10-2026

Explanation

• A species is defined as a group of organisms that can mate and produce fertile offspring.
• Organisms in different genera generally cannot produce fertile offspring.

Last verified on 06-11-2026

Explanation

• Hydrogen attached to fluorine can form a hydrogen bond with the lone pair of nitrogen in NH₃.
• Hydrogen bonding is an intermolecular attraction.
• It is stronger than many ordinary dipole interactions.

Last verified on 06-11-2026

Explanation

• Oxygen shares electrons with two hydrogen atoms.
• The O–H bonds are polar covalent bonds.
• Hydrogen bonding occurs between separate water molecules.

Last verified on 06-11-2026

Explanation

Water molecules are held together by hydrogen bonds,

It is a type of strong intermolecular force

Where the slightly positive hydrogen of one molecule attracts the slightly negative oxygen of another, creating a "sticky" network that gives water unique properties like surface tension.

Explanation

• Chlorine has atomic number 17.
• Its electronic configuration is 2, 8, 7.
• Seven valence electrons place it in Group 17, while three electron shells place it in Period 3.

Last verified on 06-11-2026