Explanation

• Sori are clusters of sporangia usually found on the underside of fern leaves.
• Sporangia produce spores through meiosis.
• Ferns reproduce through spores rather than seeds.

Last verified on 06-11-2026

Explanation

• Archegonium is the female reproductive structure.
• It produces the egg cell.

Additional information:

• Antheridium is the male reproductive structure that produces sperm cells.

Last verified on 06-11-2026

Explanation

• The gametophyte is the dominant generation in bryophytes.
• The sporophyte remains attached to and nutritionally dependent on the gametophyte.
• Mosses and liverworts are common examples of bryophytes.

Last verified on 06-11-2026

Explanation

• Phycoerythrin is a red accessory photosynthetic pigment.
• It helps red algae absorb light at different depths in water.
• Red algae also contain chlorophyll a.

Last verified on 06-11-2026

Explanation

• Diatoms possess cell walls called frustules.
• Their walls contain silica and usually consist of two overlapping halves.
• Diatoms are important primary producers in aquatic ecosystems.

Last verified on 06-11-2026

Explanation

• During DNA replication, each new DNA molecule contains one original (parental) strand and one newly synthesized strand.
• The Meselson–Stahl experiment (1958) provided experimental evidence for the semi-conservative model.
• DNA replication is essential for passing genetic information to daughter cells.

Last verified on 06-11-2026

Explanation

• The Golgi apparatus modifies proteins received from the endoplasmic reticulum.
• It packages and sorts proteins into vesicles.
• These vesicles transport materials to different cellular destinations.

Last verified on 06-11-2026

Explanation

• The kidney is an important organ responsible for filtering blood and forming urine.
• Its structural and functional unit is the nephron.
• Each kidney contains millions of nephrons.
• They perform filtration, reabsorption, and secretion.

Last verified on 23-04-2026

Explanation

• Feathers are the defining external characteristic of birds.
• They provide insulation and assist in flight.
• Birds are warm-blooded vertebrates.

Last verified on 06-11-2026

Explanation