Explanation

• A canal usually originates from a headworks.
• Headworks are structures built across or near a river to divert and control water.
• They supply water to canals for irrigation and other purposes.
• Example: The Lower Chenab Canal originates from Khanki Headworks.

Last updated 27-07-2026 by NA

Explanation

The state of Kashmir has boundaries with:

• to the north and east by China (Xinjiang and Tibet),
• to the northwest by Afghanistan (Wakhan Corridor),
• to the west by Pakistan (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Punjab) 
• to the south by India (Himachal Pradesh and Punjab). 

Jammu and Kashmir is a region administered by India as a union territory.

It has been the subject of a dispute between India and Pakistan since 1947,

And between India and China since 1962.

Last updated 27-07-2026 by NA

Explanation

• The Basic Principles Committee was formed in 1949 to prepare the basic framework of the Constitution of Pakistan.
• It was established by the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan.
• It was chaired by Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan.
• The committee was formed on 12 March 1949, following the adoption of the Objectives Resolution.
• Its purpose was to recommend the constitutional principles for the new state.

Last verified on 28-07-2026

Explanation

• The Congress Ministries resigned in November 1939 after Britain declared India a participant in World War II without consulting Indian leaders.
• The resignations occurred between 27 October and 15 November 1939 in protest against the British decision.
• Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah observed 22 December 1939 as the "Day of Deliverance" after the Congress ministries resigned.

Last verified on 28-07-2026

Explanation

• Full Name: Pakistan Agricultural Research Council (PARC)
• Headquarters: Islamabad, Pakistan
• Established: 1981
• Parent Ministry: Ministry of National Food Security & Research
• Main Function: Coordinate and promote agricultural research and technology development in Pakistan

Last verified on 28-07-2026

Explanation

• The Himalayas form the main watershed between the Indus and Ganges river systems.

Additional information:

• Length of the Himalayas: About 2,400 km
• Countries crossed: 5 (Pakistan, India, Nepal, Bhutan, China)
• Highest peak: Mount Everest – 8,848.86 m
• Major river systems: Indus, Ganges, Brahmaputra
• Formation began: About 50 million years ago

Last verified on 27-07-2026

Explanation

• The total area of pakistan 881,913 km².
• In old books area of Pakistan is 796096 sq km.
• Pakistan is a country in South Asia.
• Pakistan world's second-largest Muslim population.

Additional information:

• Pakistan is the 33rd-largest country by area.
• The total cultivated area in Pakistan is 25%.
• The total forest area of Pakistan is estimated at 6.20 million hectares.
• The forest cover of Pakistan is 5.7%.

Last verified on 02-05-2026

Explanation

• Conquest of Sindh: 712 AD
• Battle: Aror (near Rohri)
• Opponent: Raja Dahir (killed in battle)
• He attacked Sindh on orders of the Umayyad Caliph through Hajjaj bin Yusuf.
• Death: 18 July 715 AD

Major cities captured:

• Nirun
• Debal (Sikka fortress)
• Brahmanabad
• Alor (Aror)
• Multan

Last verified on 01-04-2026

Explanation

• Pakistan purchased the Gwadar enclave from Oman on 8 September 1958 
• The Gwadar Port is situated on the Arabian Sea at Gwadar in the Balochistan
• Takeover Date: December 8, 1958.
• Purchase Amount: $3 million (approximately £3 million).
• Port Opening: 2002

Last updated by NA on 23-April-2026

Explanation

• Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah referred to Maulana Abul Kalam Azad as the "Congress Showboy."
• Jinnah used this term during the political disagreements between the All-India Muslim League and the Indian National Congress.

Additional information:

• Jinnah also referred to Abul Kalam Azad as "Muslim Lord Haw-Haw" in political criticism.
• Maulana Abul Kalam Azad served as the first Education Minister of independent India (1947–1958).

Last verified on 27-07-2026