Explanation

A skew bridge crosses the water or obstacle at an angle other than 90°.

Designed to accommodate alignment of roads or rivers.

Explanation

Extra length for a hook in steel reinforcement is taken as 5 times the bar diameter (5D).

This ensures proper anchorage and bond with concrete.

Explanation

Principal rafter is the main rafter in a roof truss that carries the load.

It transfers the roof load to the supports efficiently.

Explanation

Stability is the ability of a structure or member to maintain equilibrium under applied loads.

Loss of stability leads to buckling or collapse, even if material strength is sufficient.

Explanation

d = 8 ft => r = 4 ft

A = πr² = π(4)²

= 16π ≈ 50.24 ft²

Explanation

Specific weight (density) of steel ≈ 7850 kg/m³.

Commonly used in structural and mechanical engineering calculations.

Explanation

In reinforced concrete beams, the steel percentage is typically around 1% of the cross-sectional area.

This ensures adequate strength while avoiding excessive steel and cost.

Explanation

A sump is a pit designed to collect water in excavations or basements.

It allows water to be pumped out, keeping the area dry and safe.

Explanation

Surge tanks are installed in pipelines to absorb sudden pressure changes caused by water hammer.

They protect pipes and pumps by reducing pressure surges in hydraulic systems.

Explanation

Perlite is an expanded volcanic glass used as lightweight aggregate in concrete, plaster, and insulation.

It improves thermal insulation and reduces concrete weight without compromising strength.