Explanation

• A single row(s) in a database table is called a record(s) or tuple(s).
• It represents a complete set of related data about one entity.
• Each record contains multiple fields (columns).
• Records store information about a single entity (e.g., one student).
• It is a basic unit of data storage in databases.

Additional information:

• In a database, columns are called Fields or Attributes.

Last verified on 12-04-2026

Explanation

• Integration Testing is used to combine and test old and new system components together.
• It checks whether different modules or systems work properly when connected.
• This testing focuses on data flow and interaction between systems.
• It is done after unit testing and before system testing.

Last verified on 23-06-2026

Explanation

• The Turing Test checks whether a machine can exhibit human-like intelligence.

Additional information:

• Proposed by: Alan Turing
• Year: 1950
• Field: Artificial Intelligence (AI)
• Purpose: To test machine intelligence
• Method: Human judge interacts via text and identifies machine vs human

Last verified on 23-06-2026

Explanation

• DNS (Domain Name System) is the protocol/service that resolves domain names into IP addresses.
• It converts easy-to-remember website names (e.g., google.com) into numerical IP addresses used by computers.
• Port used: 53
• Protocol type: Application layer protocol
• DNS was introduced in 1983 by Paul Mockapetris.

Last verified on 23-06-2026

Explanation

• Full form: Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA)
• Function: Allocation of IP addresses, domain root zone, protocol numbers
• Parent organization: ICANN
• Regional distribution: Through RIRs (like ARIN, RIPE NCC, APNIC)
• Role: Maintains global internet numbering system

Last verified on 22-06-2026

Explanation

• The Data Bus transfers actual data between CPU and memory.
• It carries information that is being processed or stored.
• It is a two-way communication path in most systems.

Additional information:

• Address Bus: Carries memory location (address)
• Control Bus: Carries control signals (read/write)
• System Bus: Combination of all three buses
• Direction: Mostly bidirectional for data transfer

Last verified on 22-06-2026

Explanation

• A ransomware attack encrypts a victim’s data and demands money (ransom) to restore access.
• It locks files or entire systems until payment is made, usually in cryptocurrency.
• It is a type of malicious cyber attack (malware).
• Even after payment, data recovery is not guaranteed.
• It mainly targets individuals, companies, and government systems.

Last verified on 22-06-2026

Explanation

• HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is used for web designing and creating the structure of web pages.
• It defines elements like headings, paragraphs, images, links, and tables on websites.
• HTML is the basic building block of the World Wide Web.
• It works with CSS and JavaScript to create interactive websites.

Additional information:

• Developed by: Tim Berners-Lee (1991)
• Standardized by: World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)

Last verified on 22-06-2026

Explanation

• Database normalization reduces data redundancy in a database.
• It organizes data into well-structured tables.
• It removes duplicate (repeated) data.
• It improves data consistency and efficiency.
• It helps in reducing data anomalies during operations.

Last verified on 08-06-2026

Explanation

• Father of PC: Edward Roberts
• First PC: Altair 8800
• Year: 1975
• Country: USA
• Impact: Start of personal computing era

Last verified on 21-06-2026