Explanation

(10000011)₂ = 1 × 2⁷ + 0 × 2⁶ + 0 × 2⁵ + 0 × 2⁴ + 0 × 2³ + 0 × 2² + 1 × 2¹ + 1 × 2⁰

= 128 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 2 + 1

= 131

Explanation

Let’s convert (128)₁₀ to binary step by step:

128 ÷ 2 = 64 remainder 0

64 ÷ 2 = 32 remainder 0

32 ÷ 2 = 16 remainder 0

16 ÷ 2 = 8 remainder 0

8 ÷ 2 = 4 remainder 0

4 ÷ 2 = 2 remainder 0

2 ÷ 2 = 1 remainder 0

1 ÷ 2 = 0 remainder 1

Reading remainders upward → 10000000

Decimal 128 equals binary 10000000.

Explanation

The decimal system is base 10, using digits 0–9.

Base 8 → Octal number system (digits 0–7).

Base 16 → Hexadecimal number system (digits 0–9, A–F).

Base 4 → Quaternary number system (digits 0–3).

Explanation

A keyboard and mouse are used for inputting information and commands into a computer

Typing: Used to enter letters, numbers, and symbols into documents, emails, and other text-based applications.

Explanation

Hardware refers to the physical, tangible components of a computer system

Motherboard: The main circuit board that connects all hardware components together.

Hard disk: A storage device that holds data and programs.

Processor (CPU): The brain of the computer that executes instructions and performs calculations.

In addition to these three, hardware also includes other components such as:

• RAM (Memory)
• Power Supply
• Graphics Card
• Sound Card
• Keyboard
• Mouse
• Monitor
• Case

Explanation

The Insert tab in MS Excel contains options to create charts, tables, pivot tables, etc.

It allows users to visualize data in various chart formats like bar, pie, line, and more.

Explanation

=LEFT("Pakistan",3) extracts the first 3 characters "Pak".

LEFT function is used to extract characters from the left side of a string.

Explanation

The two main types of main memory are Random Access Memory (RAM) and Read-Only Memory (ROM).

RAM is volatile memory used for currently active data.

ROM is non-volatile memory that stores firmware like the BIOS. 

Explanation

1 nanosecond = 10⁻⁹ seconds (billionth of a second).

Nano prefix denotes a factor of one-billionth.

Explanation

Binary to Decimal Conversion

(11111)₂ = 1×2⁴ + 1×2³ + 1×2² + 1×2¹ + 1×2⁰

= 16 + 8 + 4 + 2 + 1

= 31