Explanation

MICR is a technology used by banks to read information printed on cheques using magnetic ink.

It allows for fast and secure processing of cheques and reduces the chances of errors or fraud.

Explanation

CSMA/CD is used in BUS topology to manage how devices share the communication line and avoid data collisions.

It listens before sending data and stops transmission if a collision is detected — ensuring efficient use of the medium.

Explanation

The MAC (Media Access Control) sub-layer is part of the Data Link Layer (Layer 2) of the OSI model.

It handles how devices access and control the transmission on the physical medium, such as Ethernet.

Explanation

Bridges are used to connect similar LANs that use the same network protocols.

They help manage traffic and reduce collisions by dividing networks into segments.

Explanation

A local area network  is a group of computers and associated devices that share a common communications line or wireless link to a server.

Modem is a combined device for modulation and demodulation.

For example, between the digital data of a computer and the analogue signal of a phone line.

Explanation

A complete microcomputer system includes a microprocessor (CPU), memory (RAM/ROM), and peripheral devices (keyboard, monitor, etc.).

All components work together to input, process, store, and output data.

Explanation

The CPU (Central Processing Unit) is the part of the computer that adds, compares, and processes data.

It includes components like the ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit) and Control Unit that handle these tasks.

Explanation

The Control Unit (CU) manages and decodes instructions from programs so the CPU knows what actions to perform.

It also directs the flow of data between the CPU, memory, and other components.

Explanation

Every processor must have a Control Unit (CU) to direct operations and an Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) to perform calculations.

Primary storage (RAM) is essential for holding data and instructions during processing.

Explanation