Explanation

computer chip, also called chip, integrated circuit or small wafer of semiconductor material embedded with integrated circuitry.

Chips comprise the processing and memory units of the modern digital computer.

Explanation

 Some functions of the presentation layer include character-code translation, data conversion, data encryption and decryption, and data translation.

It connects the application layer with the layers below converting the human readable text and media to machine readable format and vice-versa.

Explanation

An integer  that can be positive, negative, or zero.

Explanation

Database replication is the frequent electronic copying of data from a database in one computer or server to a database in another -- so that all users share the same level of information.

Explanation

A friend function can access the private and protected data of a class.

Explanation

A transaction log is a history of actions executed by a "Database Management System" (DBMS) to guarantee "ACID" properties over crashes or hardware failures.

Physically, a log is a file listing changes to the database, stored in a stable storage format.

Explanation

Sort/Report generators require more disk space than indexed/report generators .

Explanation

The relational database environment has all of the following components except separate files.

A relational database is a set of formally described tables from which data can be accessed or reassembled in many different ways without having to reorganize the database tables.

Explanation

C++ and Java differ in their platform dependency, memory management, and use of classes.

C++ is platform dependent and needs to be compiled on every platform.

Java is platform-independent.

Once it's compiled into bytecode it can be executed on any platform.

Explanation

In the Internet Protocol stack (also known as the OSI model), the fifth layer is the Session Layer.

When data is sent from device A to device B, the Session Layer at device B is responsible for managing and controlling the connections between the two devices,

ensuring that the data exchange occurs correctly and efficiently.