Explanation

• Potato (Solanum tuberosum) belongs to the Solanaceae family.
• It is commonly known as the nightshade family.
• This family includes tomato, eggplant (brinjal), chilli, and tobacco.
• The edible part of the potato is a modified underground stem called a tuber.

Additional information:

• Fabaceae: Pea, bean, and lentil family.
• Poaceae: Grass family, including wheat, rice, and maize.

Last verified on 16-10-2026

Explanation

• Cotton is a fibre crop grown mainly for the natural fibre obtained from its seeds.
• It is used to manufacture textiles and clothing.
• Cottonseed is also used to produce cottonseed oil and animal feed.
• In Pakistan, cotton is an important cash crop.
• It is a major raw material for the textile industry.

Additional information:

• Scientific name: Gossypium
• Crop season: Kharif

Last verified on 16-10-2026

Explanation

• Mounted implement: An agricultural implement attached directly to the tractor's three-point linkage and raised or lowered by the tractor's hydraulic system.

Additional information:

• Semi-mounted implement: Partly supported by the tractor and partly by its own wheels.
• Trailed implement: Pulled by the tractor but supported mainly by its own wheels.
• Self-propelled implement: Has its own engine and moves under its own power.

Last verified on 16-10-2026

Explanation

• Basin irrigation is a traditional surface-irrigation method in which land is divided into small, level basins surrounded by raised boundaries.
• Water is allowed to flow into each basin and spread over the soil to irrigate crops or trees.

Last verified on 16-10-2026

Explanation

• Tailwater recovery is the collection, storage, and reuse of irrigation water that runs off the end of a field.

Additional information:

• Drip irrigation delivers water directly to plant roots through pipes and emitters.
• Surge irrigation applies water intermittently to furrows to improve water distribution and reduce runoff.

Last verified on 16-10-2026

Explanation

• Aerobic decomposition: Microorganisms decompose organic matter in the presence of oxygen.
• It generally occurs faster and produces carbon dioxide, water, and other products.
• Anaerobic decomposition: Microorganisms break down organic matter in the absence of oxygen.
• It can produce methane, carbon dioxide, and other compounds.
• Both processes are important in composting, sewage treatment, and organic-waste management.

Last verified on 16-10-2026

Explanation

• Biodegradable waste is waste that microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi, can break down naturally.
• Vegetable waste from farms, including leaves, stems, and spoiled vegetables, decomposes naturally.

Last verified on 16-10-2026

Explanation

• Square Feet: 43,560 sq ft

Additional information:

• Square Yards: 4,840 sq yd
• Hectares: ~0.4047 hectares
• Square Meters: ~4,047 sq m

Last verified on 16-10-2026

Explanation

• Capillary tension: Helps retain water in small soil pores against the force of gravity.
• Soil porosity: Determines the amount and size distribution of pore spaces in soil, affecting how much water can be stored.
• Soil texture, especially the proportion of sand, silt, and clay, also strongly influences water-holding capacity.

Last verified on 16-10-2026

Explanation

• AutoCAD: Primarily a computer-aided design (CAD) software used for technical drawing, drafting, and engineering design.
• It is not traditionally classified as a dedicated GIS.

Additional information:

• MapInfo: GIS software used for mapping and spatial data analysis.
• IDRISI 32: GIS and remote-sensing software developed by Clark University.

Last verified on 16-10-2026